Parts of Speech, all parts of speech, definitions, meanings with examples

8 Part of speech:

Introduction:

In simple words, speech signifies whatever we talk and part of speech means different types of words which have different functions in different ways in our speech i.e., talking.

Forms of Speech or Types of Part of Speech:

Earlier we have 8 part of speech, but now there is 9 part of speech in modern English including articles and determiners. These all parts of speech are -

1. Nouns,

2. Pronouns,

3. Verbs,

4. Adverbs,

5. Prepositions,

6. Conjunctions,

7. Interjections,

8. Adjectives,

9. Determiners.

Now, let’s go through all these in details.

Nouns:

The term noun means the naming words i.e., name. Here name can be anything such as persons, animals, things, qualities, states, actions, feelings, rivers, countries, oceans, fruits, mountains, fishes, etc. Let's understand in details.

(a) His mother is an old lady.

(b) Ram and Ramina are friends.

(d) The postman brought me a letter.

(e) Mr Mokesh is an able teacher.

In the above sentences, all the bold words are the name of persons.

(a) Raju’s school is near the bus stop.

(b) Kolkata is a very large city.

(d) New Delhi is the capital of India.

Above words in bold type signify the places which are naming words or what we call a noun.

(a) Cows live on grass.

(b) The sheep is a meek animal.

Here the bold type words are naming words of animals.

Therefore, In this way, there are many naming words of things, qualities, actions, feelings, animals, places, persons, rivers, oceans, etc. which are known as the noun.

Types of the noun: All nouns can be categorized into two chief classes-

1. Concrete Nouns( nouns which we can touch, see, hear and smell) and

2. Abstract Nouns( nouns which we can’t touch but can feel and think)

Most of the concrete nouns can be counted but some of the concrete nouns cannot be counted. Thus on the basis of this phenomena, Concrete Noun further can be grouped into two ways:

1. Countable( those nouns which we can count) and

2. Uncountable( those nouns which we cannot count)

Points to be remember: Countable nouns can be singular as well as plural examples, book(singular), books(plural), table(singular), tables(plural) but uncountable nouns cannot be singular or plural examples, water( we signifies it with singular or plural), milk, etc.

It is important to note here that concrete nouns fall into four classes or groups:

1. Names of some particular things, places or persons,(Proper nouns)

2. Names of some common things, places or persons,(common Nouns)

3. Names of some materials of which things are made,(Material Nouns)

4. Names of collections of things or persons, etc. ( Collective Nouns)

Proper Nouns:

From the name itself we can understand what the proper nouns actually mean. These are the particular names of persons, places, things, etc. examples,

a) New Delhi is the capital of India.

b) The Red Fort is made of red stone.

c) The Indian Ocean washes the feet of India.

In the above sentences, each bold type word shows the particular name of person, place or things each of which cannot be found twice in this world. So, this type of nouns is proper or particular nouns.

Common Nouns: The term ‘common’ means belonging to the same group or class. Thus, common nouns are those type of nouns which have same group or class but different kinds. Examples,

a) The train stopped at the station.

b) The dog is a very faithful animal.

In the above, each word( train, station, dog, animal) belongs to a particular class but has it’s different kinds( there are many trains in different names, different names of stations are there, there are different names and types of dogs and there are different types of animals with different names). These types of nouns are common nouns.

Material Nouns: From the name of the word itself we can easily understand what the material nouns actually are. It would be understandable if I put some example here.

a) Bread is made from flour.

b) Tables and chairs are made of woods.

c) The ring is made of gold.

The words, flour, woods and gold are material nouns because these are materials by which things( in the examples above things are bread, tables and chairs, rings) are made.

Collective Nouns: A collective noun names a group or collection of persons, animals or things as a complete whole. examples,
a) A herd of cattle is passing,
b) Our army beat the enemy back.

Therefore, from these lessons, we have learned about all types of parts of speech, their division, categories, definition with examples.