Migration it's definition process causes and characteristics In India?

 What is migration? What are the process and causes of migration in India ? what are the major characteristics of maigration In India?

Or What are the major features of rural-urban migration in India?

 Migration has been an issue which occurs with the development. Since independence, there has been explosion growth of population in big cities due to migration. The metro-cities, state capital, district headquarters, many other industrial urban cities in India attacked huge migration over time.

The rural urban migration is of huge importance for economic development. The surplus labour force to urban and industrial centres is a major features of economic transformation. According to the survey in India 60% migration move between districts, 11% move between states. The factors influencing on the causes for migration are varied and complex.

a)       PUSH FROM SUBSISTANCE AGRICULTURE: LDC’s like India suffers from over population and surplus l;abour force in agriculture. There is a huge disguised unemployment in rural sector where most of the farmers are small and marginal  farmers. With the development of agricuylture the extra labour force are forces to leave agriculture and migrate for urban areas in-search of alternative jobs.

b)      PULL FROM URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL CENTRES:  The increasing urbanization and development of industries attract huge labour force  ( both skilled nad manual). However the higher demand for labour males the wage rate giher than agriculture and attract surplus  labour force from rural areas . Therefore, the pull of a relatively highly urban rewards is quite striong and a large number of people migrate to the cities.

c)       PUSH BACK TOWARDS RURAL OR SMALL TOWNS: Though cities provide jobs in organized and unorganized sector at relatively higher wages, they cannot absorb all the people seeking jobs in productive activities. Recently urban unemployment has surpaved the rate of rural unemployment. As a result sometimes there is ‘push back’ factor in economic transformation.

MAGRANT CHARACTERISTICS

1.       DEMOGRAPHIC FACTOR: The demographic features depicted that the age group of 15-60 is the highest in urban areas while above 60 and population of 0-6 years are higher in rural areas. The density of population is the highest in metros followed by other towns and cities. The educational, life expectancy etc. are found to be better in urban areas.

2.       ECONOMIC FACTORS: There is a clear association between economic levels and migration. In the past seasonal migration of unskilled labour force from rural sector was pre-dominant. However, that production has been declining and migration of skilled labour force is on the rise.

3.       SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS: The migration is net always economy. There is an increasing trend of migration for educational purposes, due to association of the family, due to marriage etc. Among the females migrants, the associational migration of hlives and daughters are more than the migration of independent females in India and other LDC’s.

Thus, migration takes place as a process of economic transformation in LDC’s. The educational, economic opportunities along with money other factors determine the migration.